Biceps Tendon Rupture in Northampton & Corby

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Understanding Biceps Tendon Rupture

Introduction to Biceps Tendon Rupture

A biceps tendon rupture is a significant injury affecting the biceps muscle, located at the front of your upper arm. This muscle plays a crucial role in bending (flexing) and rotating (supinating) your arm. The biceps tendon is a tough band of connective tissue that attaches the biceps muscle to the bones in your shoulder (proximal end) and elbow (distal end).

Overuse and injury can lead to fraying and eventual rupture of the biceps tendon, impacting the functionality and strength of your arm.

The long and short head of biceps brachii can rupture

The long and short head of biceps brachii are both at risk of tear or rupture

Types of Biceps Tendon Rupture

Biceps tendon ruptures can be classified into two types based on the extent of the tear:

Partial Rupture: The tendon is frayed or partially torn but remains connected. This type of rupture may cause pain and weakness but doesn't completely sever the tendon from the bone.

Complete Rupture: The tendon is completely split into two and detached from the bone. This type results in significant pain, loss of strength, and visible deformity.

Biceps tendon ruptures can occur at two main locations:

Proximal Biceps Tendon Rupture: This type occurs at the shoulder joint and is more common. It involves the long head of the biceps tendon tearing away from its attachment point at the shoulder.

Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture: This type occurs at the elbow joint and is less common. It involves the biceps tendon tearing away from its attachment point at the elbow.

Causes of Bicep Tendon Rupture

Several factors can contribute to a biceps tendon rupture:

Injury: A sudden traumatic event, such as a fall on an outstretched arm or lifting a heavy object, can cause the tendon to tear. This acute injury is often associated with a sharp, sudden pain.

Overuse: Repetitive overhead movements, commonly seen in sports like tennis, swimming, and weightlifting, can lead to fraying of the tendon over time. This chronic overuse weakens the tendon, making it more susceptible to rupture.

Age: People over the age of 60 are more prone to biceps tendon ruptures due to chronic micro-tears from degenerative changes. These micro-tears weaken the tendon over time, increasing the risk of a complete rupture.

Heavy Lifting: Frequent heavy lifting, whether at work or during weightlifting exercises, places significant stress on the biceps tendon, leading to fraying and eventual rupture.

Medications: Long-term use of corticosteroid medications can weaken the tendon, making it more prone to injury and rupture.

Smoking: Smoking has been shown to impair tendon health and healing, increasing the risk of tendon injuries, including ruptures.

Symptoms of A Bicep Tendon Rupture

Common symptoms of a biceps tendon rupture include:

Sudden, Sharp Pain: A sudden and severe pain in the upper arm, often described as a "pop" or tearing sensation, occurs at the time of injury.

Audible Popping Sound: A noticeable popping sound may be heard at the moment of rupture.

Pain and Tenderness: Persistent pain and tenderness in the shoulder or elbow, especially during movement.

Weakness: Reduced strength in the affected arm, particularly in bending and rotating the arm.

Difficulty Turning the Arm: Trouble turning the arm palm up or down.

Popeye Sign: A bulge above the elbow, caused by the retraction of the torn biceps muscle, giving the appearance of a "Popeye" muscle.

Bruising: Bruising and swelling in the upper arm.

Ensuring Optimal Treatment Outcomes

At Team Rehab UK, we emphasise that treatments which are not effective should not continue beyond accepted clinical timescales without further in-depth investigations. We prefer these additional assessments to be conducted by consultant specialists outside our company’s financial interests. This approach ensures we receive an unbiased second opinion, guaranteeing that the care you receive is the most clinically appropriate.

Diagnosing a Bicep Tendon Rupture

Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. The diagnostic process typically involves:

Medical History and Physical Examination

Initial Consultation: Your physiotherapist in Northampton will begin by reviewing your symptoms and medical history. They will ask about the nature, onset, and duration of your pain, as well as any activities or injuries that may have contributed to the condition.

Physical Examination: A thorough physical exam will be conducted to assess shoulder and elbow stability and identify signs of dislocation or subluxation. Your arm may be moved in different positions to pinpoint movements that cause pain or weakness. Specific tests, such as the "hook test" or "Popeye sign," may be used to confirm the presence of a rupture.

Imaging Tests

If a biceps tendon rupture is suspected, imaging tests may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the injury:

X-rays: X-rays can reveal bone abnormalities, such as bone spurs or fractures, which might have caused or contributed to the tear. They also help rule out other potential causes of shoulder or elbow pain.

MRI Scan: An MRI provides detailed images of the soft tissues, helping to determine if the tear is partial or complete. It offers a comprehensive view of the tendon, muscles, and surrounding structures, allowing for accurate assessment and planning of appropriate treatment.

Treatment Options

Nonsurgical Treatment

Nonsurgical treatment is suitable for patients whose injury is limited to the top of the biceps tendon and includes:

Rest: Using a sling to rest the shoulder and avoiding overhead activities and heavy lifting until healed. Rest is crucial to allow the tendon to heal and prevent further injury.

Ice: Applying ice packs for 20 minutes at a time, 3 to 4 times a day, to reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Ice therapy is effective in managing inflammation in the acute phase of injury.

Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and swelling. These medications provide symptomatic relief and aid in the recovery process.

Physical Therapy: Strengthening and flexibility exercises help restore strength and mobility to the shoulder joint. A structured physical therapy program is essential to regain full function and prevent recurrence.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery may be necessary for patients whose symptoms are not relieved by conservative measures and those who require full restoration of strength, such as athletes. The procedure involves:

Incision: An incision is made near the elbow or shoulder, depending on the location of the tear.

Tendon Repair: The torn end of the tendon is cleaned, and the bone is prepared with drill holes. Sutures are woven through the holes and the tendon to secure it back to the bone.

Closure: The incision is closed, and a dressing is applied to protect the surgical site and promote healing.

Post Surgical Care

After surgery, your arm will be placed in a sling to rest the shoulder and promote healing. Pain management will include medications and ice packs. The sling may be removed as advised by your consultant, and a physiotherapy program will be initiated to improve shoulder and arm mobility and strength.

Risks and Complications

While most patients experience no complications, potential risks include:

Infection: Risk of infection at the surgical site, which can be minimised with proper postoperative care and hygiene.

Nerve Damage: Potential for nerve injury during the surgical procedure, which may lead to temporary or permanent loss of function.

Re-rupture of the Tendon: Risk of the tendon re-rupturing, especially if postoperative care and rehabilitation protocols are not followed.

We have included this video animation to help you visualise the anatomy that we, as professionals, often take for granted. At Team Rehab UK, we are dedicated to helping our patients understand the causes of their symptoms, empowering them to effectively manage their condition both during and after their treatment.

Please note that some of our videos may be of American origin and might contain slightly different professional terms or approaches compared to those used in the UK. However, the content remains highly informative and beneficial. You should seek advice form your UK based specialist before trying any advice contained, or inferred, in the video you ensure it complies with UK best practice standards.

Summary

Biceps tendon rupture is a severe condition that requires prompt attention. It can cause significant pain, bruising, and loss of function. Both nonsurgical and surgical treatments are available, with the choice depending on the severity of the rupture and the patient’s needs.

If you’re experiencing symptoms of a biceps tendon rupture, consult with a physiotherapist in Northampton for a thorough evaluation and personalised treatment plan. Our clinic offers comprehensive physiotherapy in Northampton, to help you recover effectively. We are recognised providers for Bupa Northampton and Axa Northampton, ensuring quality care for our patients. Don't let shoulder pain hold you back—reach out to our shoulder specialists in Northampton for expert care and support.

Book your appointment at Team Rehab uk in Northampton (Brixworth) or Corby, and take the first step towards a pain-free life. Share this information with friends or family who might benefit from our services, and let's help everyone get back to their best selves.

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